The scaling properties of cities are reflected in these morphologies:
a) Cities change shape as they change in size – this is allometry
b) There are many more small cities than big cities, and this scaling reflects competition for resources: to be a big city you must be a little city first
c) Cities are distributed with respect to their size in such a way that little cities are nested in the hinterlands of bigger cities. This implies big cities are spaced more widely than little cities – this is central place theory.
d) People interact with each other more intensely in bigger than smaller cities. (..)
e) People interact with one another less with increasing distance between them: this is the gravitational law.
f) Other kinds of interaction that diffuse over space, fall off with distance from their source. This tends to reduce the potential interaction effects of bigger cities.
The Laws of Urban Scaling
• As they grow, the number of ‘potential connections’ increases as the square of the population (Metcalfe’s Law, the network equivalent of Moore’s Law)
• As they grow, the average time to travel increases
• As they grow, the ‘density’ in their central cores tends to increase and in their peripheries to fall
• As they grow, more people travel by public transport
• As they get bigger, their average real income (and wealth) increases (the Bettencourt‐West Law) – this is allometry.
• As they get bigger, they get ‘greener’ (Brand’s Law)
• As they get bigger, there are less of them (Zipf’s Law) – this is city size – rank size
Di queste affermazioni, alcune mi hanno colpito e mi hanno condotto ad una riflessione:
se la dimensione ridotta è potenzialmente uno stato di transizione e ogni città vorrebbe ingrandirsi, è possibile che cio' avvenga singolarmente o solo in un ottica di agglomerato metropolitano?
Nessun commento:
Posta un commento